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CanvasRenderingContext2D

The CanvasRenderingContext2D interface is used for drawing rectangles, text, images and other objects onto the canvas element. It provides the 2D rendering context for the drawing surface of a <canvas> element.

To get an object of this interface, call getContext() on a <canvas> element, supplying "2d" as the argument:

var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas'); // in your HTML this element appears as <canvas id="myCanvas"></canvas>
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');

Once you have the 2D rendering context for a canvas, you can draw within it. For example:

ctx.fillStyle = 'rgb(200,0,0)'; // sets the color to fill in the rectangle with
ctx.fillRect(10, 10, 55, 50);   // draws the rectangle at position 10, 10 with a width of 55 and a height of 50

See the properties and methods in the sidebar and below. The canvas tutorial has more information, examples, and resources as well.

Drawing rectangles

There are three methods that immediately draw rectangles to the bitmap.

CanvasRenderingContext2D.clearRect(): Sets all pixels in the rectangle defined by starting point (x, y) and size (width, height) to transparent black, erasing any previously drawn content.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.fillRect(): Draws a filled rectangle at (x, y) position whose size is determined by width and height.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.strokeRect(): Paints a rectangle which has a starting point at (x, y) and has a w width and an h height onto the canvas, using the current stroke style.

Drawing text

The following methods are provided for drawing text. See also the TextMetrics object for text properties.

CanvasRenderingContext2D.fillText(): Draws (fills) a given text at the given (x,y) position.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.strokeText(): Draws (strokes) a given text at the given (x, y) position.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.measureText(): Returns a TextMetrics object.

Line styles

The following methods and properties control how lines are drawn.

CanvasRenderingContext2D.lineWidth: Width of lines. Default 1.0
CanvasRenderingContext2D.lineCap: Type of endings on the end of lines. Possible values: butt (default), round, square.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.lineJoin: Defines the type of corners where two lines meet. Possible values: round, bevel, miter (default).
CanvasRenderingContext2D.miterLimit: Miter limit ratio. Default 10.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.getLineDash(): Returns the current line dash pattern array containing an even number of non-negative numbers.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.setLineDash(): Sets the current line dash pattern.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.lineDashOffset: Specifies where to start a dash array on a line.

Text styles

The following properties control how text is laid out.

CanvasRenderingContext2D.font: Font setting. Default value 10px sans-serif.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.textAlign: Text alignment setting. Possible values: start (default), end, left, right or center.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.textBaseline: Baseline alignment setting. Possible values: top, hanging, middle, alphabetic (default), ideographic, bottom.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.direction: Directionality. Possible values: ltr, rtl, inherit (default).

Fill and stroke styles

Fill styling is used for colors and styles inside shapes and stroke styling is used for the lines around shapes.

CanvasRenderingContext2D.fillStyle: Color or style to use inside shapes. Default #000 (black).
CanvasRenderingContext2D.strokeStyle: Color or style to use for the lines around shapes. Default #000 (black).

Gradients and patterns

CanvasRenderingContext2D.createLinearGradient(): Creates a linear gradient along the line given by the coordinates represented by the parameters.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.createRadialGradient(): Creates a radial gradient given by the coordinates of the two circles represented by the parameters.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.createPattern(): Creates a pattern using the specified image (a CanvasImageSource). It repeats the source in the directions specified by the repetition argument. This method returns a CanvasPattern.

Shadows

CanvasRenderingContext2D.shadowBlur: Specifies the blurring effect. Default 0
CanvasRenderingContext2D.shadowColor: Color of the shadow. Default fully-transparent black.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.shadowOffsetX: Horizontal distance the shadow will be offset. Default 0.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.shadowOffsetY: Vertical distance the shadow will be offset. Default 0.

Paths

The following methods can be used to manipulate paths of objects.

CanvasRenderingContext2D.beginPath(): Starts a new path by emptying the list of sub-paths. Call this method when you want to create a new path.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.closePath(): Causes the point of the pen to move back to the start of the current sub-path. It tries to draw a straight line from the current point to the start. If the shape has already been closed or has only one point, this function does nothing.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.moveTo(): Moves the starting point of a new sub-path to the (x, y) coordinates.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.lineTo(): Connects the last point in the subpath to the x, y coordinates with a straight line.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.bezierCurveTo(): Adds a cubic Bézier curve to the path. It requires three points. The first two points are control points and the third one is the end point. The starting point is the last point in the current path, which can be changed using moveTo() before creating the Bézier curve.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.quadraticCurveTo(): Adds a quadratic Bézier curve to the current path.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.arc(): Adds an arc to the path which is centered at (x, y) position with radius r starting at startAngle and ending at endAngle going in the given direction by anticlockwise (defaulting to clockwise).
CanvasRenderingContext2D.arcTo(): Adds an arc to the path with the given control points and radius, connected to the previous point by a straight line.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.ellipse(): Adds an ellipse to the path which is centered at (x, y) position with the radii radiusX and radiusY starting at startAngle and ending at endAngle going in the given direction by anticlockwise (defaulting to clockwise).
CanvasRenderingContext2D.rect(): Creates a path for a rectangle atposition (x, y) with a size that is determined by width and height.

Drawing paths

CanvasRenderingContext2D.fill(): Fills the subpaths with the current fill style.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.stroke(): Strokes the subpaths with the current stroke style.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.drawFocusIfNeeded(): If a given element is focused, this method draws a focus ring around the current path.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.scrollPathIntoView(): Scrolls the current path or a given path into the view.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.clip(): Creates a clipping path from the current sub-paths. Everything drawn after clip() is called appears inside the clipping path only. For an example, see Clipping paths in the Canvas tutorial.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.isPointInPath(): Reports whether or not the specified point is contained in the current path.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.isPointInStroke(): Reports whether or not the specified point is inside the area contained by the stroking of a path.

Transformations

Objects in the CanvasRenderingContext2D rendering context have a current transformation matrix and methods to manipulate it. The transformation matrix is applied when creating the current default path, painting text, shapes and Path2D objects. The methods listed below remain for historical and compatibility reasons as SVGMatrix objects are used in most parts of the API nowadays and will be used in the future instead.

CanvasRenderingContext2D.currentTransform: Current transformation matrix (SVGMatrix object).
CanvasRenderingContext2D.rotate(): Adds a rotation to the transformation matrix. The angle argument represents a clockwise rotation angle and is expressed in radians.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.scale(): Adds a scaling transformation to the canvas units by x horizontally and by y vertically.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.translate(): Adds a translation transformation by moving the canvas and its origin x horzontally and y vertically on the grid.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.transform(): Multiplies the current transformation matrix with the matrix described by its arguments.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.setTransform(): Resets the current transform to the identity matrix, and then invokes the transform() method with the same arguments.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.resetTransform(): Resets the current transform by the identity matrix.

Compositing

CanvasRenderingContext2D.globalAlpha: Alpha value that is applied to shapes and images before they are composited onto the canvas. Default 1.0 (opaque).
CanvasRenderingContext2D.globalCompositeOperation: With globalAlpha applied this sets how shapes and images are drawn onto the existing bitmap.

Drawing images

CanvasRenderingContext2D.drawImage(): Draws the specified image. This method is available in multiple formats, providing a great deal of flexibility in its use.

Pixel manipulation

Image smoothing

CanvasRenderingContext2D.imageSmoothingEnabled: Image smoothing mode; if disabled, images will not be smoothed if scaled.

CanvasRenderingContext2D.imageSmoothingQuality: Allows you to set the quality of image smoothing.

The canvas state

The CanvasRenderingContext2D rendering context contains a variety of drawing style states (attributes for line styles, fill styles, shadow styles, text styles). The following methods help you to work with that state:

CanvasRenderingContext2D.save(): Saves the current drawing style state using a stack so you can revert any change you make to it using restore().
CanvasRenderingContext2D.restore(): Restores the drawing style state to the last element on the 'state stack' saved by save().
CanvasRenderingContext2D.canvas: A read-only back-reference to the HTMLCanvasElement. Might be null if it is not associated with a <canvas> element.

Hit regions

CanvasRenderingContext2D.addHitRegion(): Adds a hit region to the canvas.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.removeHitRegion(): Removes the hit region with the specified id from the canvas.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.clearHitRegions(): Removes all hit regions from the canvas.

Experimental APIs

CanvasRenderingContext2D.filter: Applys a CSS and SVG filter to the Canvas, e.g. to change the brightness or blur the canvas.

Non-standard APIs

Blink and WebKit

Most of these APIs are deprecated and were removed shortly after Chrome 36.

CanvasRenderingContext2D.clearShadow(): Removes all shadow settings like CanvasRenderingContext2D.shadowColor and CanvasRenderingContext2D.shadowBlur.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.drawImageFromRect(): This is redundant with an equivalent overload of drawImage.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.setAlpha(): Use CanvasRenderingContext2D.globalAlpha instead.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.setCompositeOperation(): Use CanvasRenderingContext2D.globalCompositeOperation instead.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.setLineWidth(): Use CanvasRenderingContext2D.lineWidth instead.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.setLineJoin(): Use CanvasRenderingContext2D.lineJoin instead.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.setLineCap(): Use CanvasRenderingContext2D.lineCap instead.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.setMiterLimit(): Use CanvasRenderingContext2D.miterLimit instead.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.setStrokeColor(): Use CanvasRenderingContext2D.strokeStyle instead.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.setFillColor(): Use CanvasRenderingContext2D.fillStyle instead.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.setShadow(): Use CanvasRenderingContext2D.shadowColor and CanvasRenderingContext2D.shadowBlur instead.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.webkitLineDash: Use CanvasRenderingContext2D.getLineDash() and CanvasRenderingContext2D.setLineDash() instead.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.webkitLineDashOffset: Use CanvasRenderingContext2D.lineDashOffset instead.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.webkitImageSmoothingEnabled: Use CanvasRenderingContext2D.imageSmoothingEnabled instead.

Blink only

CanvasRenderingContext2D.isContextLost(): Inspired by the same WebGLRenderingContext method it returns true if the Canvas context has been lost, or false if not.

WebKit only

CanvasRenderingContext2D.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio: The backing store size in relation to the canvas element. See High DPI Canvas.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.webkitGetImageDataHD: Intended for HD backing stores, but removed from canvas specifications.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.webkitPutImageDataHD: Intended for HD backing stores, but removed from canvas specifications.

Gecko only

Prefixed APIs

CanvasRenderingContext2D.mozCurrentTransform: Sets or gets the current transformation matrix, see CanvasRenderingContext2D.currentTransform.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.mozCurrentTransformInverse: Sets or gets the current inversed transformation matrix.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.mozImageSmoothingEnabled: See CanvasRenderingContext2D.imageSmoothingEnabled.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.mozTextStyle: Introduced in in Gecko 1.9, deprecated in favor of the CanvasRenderingContext2D.font property.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.mozDrawText(): This method was introduced in Gecko 1.9 and is removed starting with Gecko 7.0. Use CanvasRenderingContext2D.strokeText() or CanvasRenderingContext2D.fillText() instead.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.mozMeasureText(): This method was introduced in Gecko 1.9 and is unimplemented starting with Gecko 7.0. Use CanvasRenderingContext2D.measureText() instead.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.mozPathText(): This method was introduced in Gecko 1.9 and is removed starting with Gecko 7.0.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.mozTextAlongPath(): This method was introduced in Gecko 1.9 and is removed starting with Gecko 7.0.

Internal APIs (chrome-context only)

CanvasRenderingContext2D.drawWindow(): Renders a region of a window into the canvas. The contents of the window's viewport are rendered, ignoring viewport clipping and scrolling.
CanvasRenderingContext2D.demote(): This causes a context that is currently using a hardware-accelerated backend to fallback to a software one. All state should be preserved.

Internet Explorer

CanvasRenderingContext2D.msFillRule: The fill rule to use. This must be one of evenodd or nonzero (default).

Specifications

Specification	Status	Comment
HTML Living Standard The definition of 'CanvasRenderingContext2D' in that specification.	Living Standard

Browser compatibility

Feature	Chrome	Edge	Firefox (Gecko)	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari
Basic support	1	(Yes)	1.5 (1.8)	9	9	2

Feature	Android Webview	Chrome for Android	Edge	Firefox Mobile (Gecko)	IE Mobile	Opera Mobile	Safari Mobile
Basic support	(Yes)	(Yes)	(Yes)	?	?	?	?

Gecko notes

Starting with Gecko 5.0 (Firefox 5.0 / Thunderbird 5.0 / SeaMonkey 2.2), specifying invalid values are now silently ignored for the following methods and properties: translate(), transform(), rotate(), scale(), rect(), clearRect(), fillRect(), strokeRect(), lineTo(), moveTo(), quadraticCurveTo(), arc(), shadowOffsetX, shadowOffsetY, shadowBlur.

Quantum CSS notes

In Gecko, when you set a system font as the value of a canvas 2D context's font (e.g. menu), getting the font value fails to return the expected font (it returns nothing). This is fixed in Firefox's new parallel CSS engine (also known as Quantum CSS or Stylo, planned for release in Firefox 57) (bug 1374885).