Object.seal

The Object.seal() method seals an object, preventing new properties from being added to it and marking all existing properties as non-configurable. Values of present properties can still be changed as long as they are writable.

Syntax

Object.seal(obj)

Parameters

obj

The object which should be sealed.

Return value

The object being sealed.

Description

By default, objects are extensible (new properties can be added to them). Sealing an object prevents new properties from being added and marks all existing properties as non-configurable. This has the effect of making the set of properties on the object fixed and immutable. Making all properties non-configurable also prevents them from being converted from data properties to accessor properties and vice versa, but it does not prevent the values of data properties from being changed. Attempting to delete or add properties to a sealed object, or to convert a data property to accessor or vice versa, will fail, either silently or by throwing a TypeError (most commonly, although not exclusively, when in strict mode code).

The prototype chain remains untouched. However, the __proto__ property is sealed as well.

Returns a reference to the passed Object.

Examples

var obj = {
  prop: function() {},
  foo: 'bar'
};

// New properties may be added, existing properties
// may be changed or removed.
obj.foo = 'baz';
obj.lumpy = 'woof';
delete obj.prop;

var o = Object.seal(obj);

o === obj; // true
Object.isSealed(obj); // === true

// Changing property values on a sealed object
// still works.
obj.foo = 'quux';

// But you can't convert data properties to accessors,
// or vice versa.
Object.defineProperty(obj, 'foo', {
  get: function() { return 'g'; }
}); // throws a TypeError

// Now any changes, other than to property values,
// will fail.
obj.quaxxor = 'the friendly duck';
// silently doesn't add the property
delete obj.foo;
// silently doesn't delete the property

// ...and in strict mode such attempts
// will throw TypeErrors.
function fail() {
  'use strict';
  delete obj.foo; // throws a TypeError
  obj.sparky = 'arf'; // throws a TypeError
}
fail();

// Attempted additions through
// Object.defineProperty will also throw.
Object.defineProperty(obj, 'ohai', {
  value: 17
}); // throws a TypeError
Object.defineProperty(obj, 'foo', {
  value: 'eit'
}); // changes existing property value

Notes

In ES5, if the argument to this method is not an object (a primitive), then it will cause a TypeError. In ES2015, a non-object argument will be treated as if it was a sealed ordinary object, simply return it.

Object.seal(1);
// TypeError: 1 is not an object (ES5 code)

Object.seal(1);
// 1                             (ES2015 code)

Comparison to Object.freeze()

Existing properties in objects frozen with Object.freeze() are made immutable. Objects sealed with Object.seal() can have their existing properties changed.

Specifications

Browser compatibility

See also

• Object.isSealed()
• Object.preventExtensions()
• Object.isExtensible()
• Object.freeze()
• Object.isFrozen()