The native timer functions (i.e., setTimeout
, setInterval
, clearTimeout
, clearInterval
) are less than ideal for a testing environment since they depend on real time to elapse. Jest can swap out timers with functions that allow you to control the passage of time. Great Scott!
// timerGame.js 'use strict'; function timerGame(callback) { console.log('Ready....go!'); setTimeout(() => { console.log('Times up -- stop!'); callback && callback(); }, 1000); } module.exports = timerGame;
// __tests__/timerGame-test.js 'use strict'; jest.useFakeTimers(); test('waits 1 second before ending the game', () => { const timerGame = require('../timerGame'); timerGame(); expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1); expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(Function), 1000); });
Here we enable fake timers by calling jest.useFakeTimers();
. This mocks out setTimeout and other timer functions with mock functions.
Another test we might want to write for this module is one that asserts that the callback is called after 1 second. To do this, we're going to use Jest's timer control APIs to fast-forward time right in the middle of the test:
test('calls the callback after 1 second', () => { const timerGame = require('../timerGame'); const callback = jest.fn(); timerGame(callback); // At this point in time, the callback should not have been called yet expect(callback).not.toBeCalled(); // Fast-forward until all timers have been executed jest.runAllTimers(); // Now our callback should have been called! expect(callback).toBeCalled(); expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1); });
There are also scenarios where you might have a recursive timer -- that is a timer that sets a new timer in its own callback. For these, running all the timers would be an endless loop… so something like jest.runAllTimers()
is not desirable. For these cases you might use jest.runOnlyPendingTimers()
:
// infiniteTimerGame.js 'use strict'; function infiniteTimerGame(callback) { console.log('Ready....go!'); setTimeout(() => { console.log('Times up! 10 seconds before the next game starts...'); callback && callback(); // Schedule the next game in 10 seconds setTimeout(() => { infiniteTimerGame(callback); }, 10000); }, 1000); } module.exports = infiniteTimerGame;
// __tests__/infiniteTimerGame-test.js 'use strict'; jest.useFakeTimers(); describe('infiniteTimerGame', () => { test('schedules a 10-second timer after 1 second', () => { const infiniteTimerGame = require('../infiniteTimerGame'); const callback = jest.fn(); infiniteTimerGame(callback); // At this point in time, there should have been a single call to // setTimeout to schedule the end of the game in 1 second. expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1); expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(Function), 1000); // Fast forward and exhaust only currently pending timers // (but not any new timers that get created during that process) jest.runOnlyPendingTimers(); // At this point, our 1-second timer should have fired it's callback expect(callback).toBeCalled(); // And it should have created a new timer to start the game over in // 10 seconds expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2); expect(setTimeout).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(Function), 10000); }); });
runTimersToTime
to advanceTimersByTime
in Jest 22.0.0
Another possibility is use jest.advanceTimersByTime(msToRun)
. When this API is called, all timers are advanced by msToRun
milliseconds. All pending "macro-tasks" that have been queued via setTimeout() or setInterval(), and would be executed during this timeframe, will be executed. Additionally if those macro-tasks schedule new macro-tasks that would be executed within the same time frame, those will be executed until there are no more macro-tasks remaining in the queue that should be run within msToRun milliseconds.
// timerGame.js 'use strict'; function timerGame(callback) { console.log('Ready....go!'); setTimeout(() => { console.log('Times up -- stop!'); callback && callback(); }, 1000); } module.exports = timerGame;
it('calls the callback after 1 second via advanceTimersByTime', () => { const timerGame = require('../timerGame'); const callback = jest.fn(); timerGame(callback); // At this point in time, the callback should not have been called yet expect(callback).not.toBeCalled(); // Fast-forward until all timers have been executed jest.advanceTimersByTime(1000); // Now our callback should have been called! expect(callback).toBeCalled(); expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1); });
Lastly, it may occasionally be useful in some tests to be able to clear all of the pending timers. For this, we have jest.clearAllTimers()
.
The code for this example is available at examples/timer.
© 2014–present Facebook Inc.
Licensed under the BSD License.
https://facebook.github.io/jest/docs/en/timer-mocks.html