Module algorithm

This module implements some common generic algorithms.

Types

SortOrder = enum
  Descending, Ascending

sort order

Procs

proc `*`(x: int; order: SortOrder): int {.inline, raises: [], tags: [].}

flips x if order == Descending; if order == Ascending then x is returned. x is supposed to be the result of a comparator, ie < 0 for less than, == 0 for equal, > 0 for greater than.

proc fill[T](a: var openArray[T]; first, last: Natural; value: T)

fills the array a[first..last] with value.

proc fill[T](a: var openArray[T]; value: T)

fills the array a with value.

proc reverse[T](a: var openArray[T]; first, last: Natural)

reverses the array a[first..last].

proc reverse[T](a: var openArray[T])

reverses the array a.

proc reversed[T](a: openArray[T]; first: Natural; last: int): seq[T]

returns the reverse of the array a[first..last].

proc reversed[T](a: openArray[T]): seq[T]

returns the reverse of the array a.

proc binarySearch[T](a: openArray[T]; key: T): int

binary search for key in a. Returns -1 if not found.

proc smartBinarySearch[T](a: openArray[T]; key: T): int

a.len must be a power of 2 for this to work.

proc lowerBound[T](a: openArray[T]; key: T; cmp: proc (x, y: T): int {.closure.}): int

same as binarySearch except that if key is not in a then this returns the location where key would be if it were. In other words if you have a sorted sequence and you call insert(thing, elm, lowerBound(thing, elm)) the sequence will still be sorted.

cmp is the comparator function to use, the expected return values are the same as that of system.cmp.

example:

var arr = @[1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9]
arr.insert(4, arr.lowerBound(4))
# after running the above arr is `[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]`

proc lowerBound[T](a: openArray[T]; key: T): int

proc sort[T](a: var openArray[T]; cmp: proc (x, y: T): int {.closure.};
            order = SortOrder.Ascending)

Default Nim sort (an implementation of merge sort). The sorting is guaranteed to be stable and the worst case is guaranteed to be O(n log n). The current implementation uses an iterative mergesort to achieve this. It uses a temporary sequence of length a.len div 2. Currently Nim does not support a sensible default argument for cmp, so you have to provide one of your own. However, the system.cmp procs can be used:

sort(myIntArray, system.cmp[int])

# do not use cmp[string] here as we want to use the specialized
# overload:
sort(myStrArray, system.cmp)

You can inline adhoc comparison procs with the do notation. Example:

people.sort do (x, y: Person) -> int:
  result = cmp(x.surname, y.surname)
  if result == 0:
    result = cmp(x.name, y.name)

proc sorted[T](a: openArray[T]; cmp: proc (x, y: T): int {.closure.};
              order = SortOrder.Ascending): seq[T]

returns a sorted by cmp in the specified order.

proc isSorted[T](a: openArray[T]; cmp: proc (x, y: T): int {.closure.};
                order = SortOrder.Ascending): bool

Checks to see whether a is already sorted in order using cmp for the comparison. Parameters identical to sort

proc product[T](x: openArray[seq[T]]): seq[seq[T]]

produces the Cartesian product of the array. Warning: complexity may explode.

proc nextPermutation[T](x: var openArray[T]): bool {.discardable.}

Calculates the next lexicographic permutation, directly modifying x. The result is whether a permutation happened, otherwise we have reached the last-ordered permutation.

var v = @[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
v.nextPermutation()
echo v # @[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 8]

proc prevPermutation[T](x: var openArray[T]): bool {.discardable.}

Calculates the previous lexicographic permutation, directly modifying x. The result is whether a permutation happened, otherwise we have reached the first-ordered permutation.

var v = @[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 8]
v.prevPermutation()
echo v # @[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

Templates

template sortedByIt(seq1, op: untyped): untyped

Convenience template around the sorted proc to reduce typing.

The template injects the it variable which you can use directly in an expression. Example:

type Person = tuple[name: string, age: int]
var
  p1: Person = (name: "p1", age: 60)
  p2: Person = (name: "p2", age: 20)
  p3: Person = (name: "p3", age: 30)
  p4: Person = (name: "p4", age: 30)
  people = @[p1,p2,p4,p3]

echo people.sortedByIt(it.name)

Because the underlying cmp() is defined for tuples you can do a nested sort like in the following example:

echo people.sortedByIt((it.age, it.name))