numpy.block(arrays)
[source]
Assemble an nd-array from nested lists of blocks.
Blocks in the innermost lists are concatenated (see concatenate
) along the last dimension (-1), then these are concatenated along the second-last dimension (-2), and so on until the outermost list is reached.
Blocks can be of any dimension, but will not be broadcasted using the normal rules. Instead, leading axes of size 1 are inserted, to make block.ndim
the same for all blocks. This is primarily useful for working with scalars, and means that code like np.block([v, 1])
is valid, where v.ndim == 1
.
When the nested list is two levels deep, this allows block matrices to be constructed from their components.
New in version 1.13.0.
Parameters: |
arrays : nested list of array_like or scalars (but not tuples) If passed a single ndarray or scalar (a nested list of depth 0), this is returned unmodified (and not copied). Elements shapes must match along the appropriate axes (without broadcasting), but leading 1s will be prepended to the shape as necessary to make the dimensions match. |
---|---|
Returns: |
block_array : ndarray The array assembled from the given blocks. The dimensionality of the output is equal to the greatest of: * the dimensionality of all the inputs * the depth to which the input list is nested |
Raises: |
ValueError
|
See also
concatenate
stack
hstack
vstack
dstack
vsplit
When called with only scalars, np.block
is equivalent to an ndarray call. So np.block([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
is equivalent to np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
.
This function does not enforce that the blocks lie on a fixed grid. np.block([[a, b], [c, d]])
is not restricted to arrays of the form:
AAAbb AAAbb cccDD
But is also allowed to produce, for some a, b, c, d
:
AAAbb AAAbb cDDDD
Since concatenation happens along the last axis first, block
is _not_ capable of producing the following directly:
AAAbb cccbb cccDD
Matlab’s “square bracket stacking”, [A, B, ...; p, q, ...]
, is equivalent to np.block([[A, B, ...], [p, q, ...]])
.
The most common use of this function is to build a block matrix
>>> A = np.eye(2) * 2 >>> B = np.eye(3) * 3 >>> np.block([ ... [A, np.zeros((2, 3))], ... [np.ones((3, 2)), B ] ... ]) array([[ 2., 0., 0., 0., 0.], [ 0., 2., 0., 0., 0.], [ 1., 1., 3., 0., 0.], [ 1., 1., 0., 3., 0.], [ 1., 1., 0., 0., 3.]])
With a list of depth 1, block
can be used as hstack
>>> np.block([1, 2, 3]) # hstack([1, 2, 3]) array([1, 2, 3])
>>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3]) >>> b = np.array([2, 3, 4]) >>> np.block([a, b, 10]) # hstack([a, b, 10]) array([1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 10])
>>> A = np.ones((2, 2), int) >>> B = 2 * A >>> np.block([A, B]) # hstack([A, B]) array([[1, 1, 2, 2], [1, 1, 2, 2]])
With a list of depth 2, block
can be used in place of vstack
:
>>> a = np.array([1, 2, 3]) >>> b = np.array([2, 3, 4]) >>> np.block([[a], [b]]) # vstack([a, b]) array([[1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4]])
>>> A = np.ones((2, 2), int) >>> B = 2 * A >>> np.block([[A], [B]]) # vstack([A, B]) array([[1, 1], [1, 1], [2, 2], [2, 2]])
It can also be used in places of atleast_1d
and atleast_2d
>>> a = np.array(0) >>> b = np.array([1]) >>> np.block([a]) # atleast_1d(a) array([0]) >>> np.block([b]) # atleast_1d(b) array([1])
>>> np.block([[a]]) # atleast_2d(a) array([[0]]) >>> np.block([[b]]) # atleast_2d(b) array([[1]])
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Licensed under the NumPy License.
https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy-1.13.0/reference/generated/numpy.block.html