Texts

When talking about text in SVG we have to differentiate two almost completely separate topics. The one is the inclusion and display of text in an image, and the other are SVG fonts. The latter may be described in a later section of the tutorial, while we will focus completely on the first part: Bringing text into an SVG image.

Basics

We have seen in the introducing example, that the text element can be used to put arbitrary text in SVG documents:

<text x="10" y="10">Hello World!</text>

The x and y attributes determine, where in the viewport the text will appear. The attribute text-anchor, which can have the values start, middle, end or inherit, decides in which direction the text flows from this point.

Like with the shape elements text can be colorized with the fill attribute and given a stroke with the stroke attribute. Both may also refer to gradients or patterns, which makes simple coloring text in SVG very powerful compared to CSS 2.1.

Setting font properties

An essential part of a text is the font in which it is displayed. SVG offers a set of attributes, many similar to their CSS counterparts, to enable font selection. Each of the following properties can be set as an attribute or via a CSS declaration: font-family, font-style, font-weight, font-variant, font-stretch, font-size, font-size-adjust, kerning, letter-spacing, word-spacing and text-decoration.

Other text-related elements

tspan

This element is used to mark up sub-portions of a larger text. It must be a child of a text element or another tspan element. A typical usecase is to paint one word of a sentence bold red.

<text>
  <tspan font-weight="bold" fill="red">This is bold and red</tspan>
</text>

The tspan element has the following custom attributes:

x
Set a new absolute x coordinate for the containing text. This overwrites the default current text position. The attribute may also contain a list of numbers, that are one by one applied to the single characters of the tspan element.

dx
Start drawing the text with a horizontal offset dx from the default current position. Here, too, you may provide a list of values that are applied to consecutive characters, hence piling up the offset over time.

Likewise there are y and dy for vertical displacement.

rotate
Rotate all characters by this degree. A list of numbers makes each character rotate to its respective value, with remaining characters rotating according to the last value.

textLength
This is a more obscure attribute giving the calculated length of the string. It is meant to allow the rendering engine to fine-tune the positions of the glyphs. when its own measured text length doesn't meet the one provided here.

tref

The tref element allows to reference already defined text, effectively copying it in its place. You can use the xlink:href attribute to point it to an element who's text content is to be taken over. You can then style it and modify it's appearance independent of the source.

<text id="example">This is an example text.</text>

<text>
    <tref xlink:href="#example" />
</text>

textPath

This element fetches via its xlink:href attribute an arbitrary path and aligns the characters, that it encircles, along this path:

<path id="my_path" d="M 20,20 C 40,40 80,40 100,20" fill="transparent" />
<text>
  <textPath xlink:href="#my_path">This text follows a curve.</textPath>
</text>